"Doubled Pawns" occur when one pawn winds up one in front of another. 
Usually,
 doubled pawns happen after a capture and only a pawn can recapture. You
 should usually try to re-capture with a piece in order to avoid 
doubling your pawns. 
Generally, you should not be in rush to 
attack such weaknesses since doubled pawns are a "structural" weaknesses
 which will usually last for most of  game. If you're patient, you can 
attack the weak pawns once all your pieces are developed. 
Doubling your opponent's pawns also increases your chances of gaining a passed pawn.
As you can see below, black has doubled queen's pawns.  
 
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